Related Papers
Are we looking where we are going? An exploratory examination of eye movement in high speed driving
Ben Waterson
Gaze behavior during simulated driving: Elements for a visual driving aid
2005 •
Daniel Mestre
Journal of Experimental Psychology-applied
Eye Movements and Hazard Perception in Police Pursuit and Emergency Response Driving
2003 •
David Crundall
Novice drivers' eye movement patterns in potentially hazardous pedestrian events: Differences between novice drivers with high and low hazard perception skills
2018 •
Mette møller
This study examines drivers' fixation sequences and compares them to the responsiveness measured in a driving simulator. The assessment is based on a comparison of driving simulator based hazard detection skills with eye movement patterns. Sixty-three 18-24-year-old male drivers' response to a pedestrian potentially crossing the street was examined and used as indicator of hazard perception skills (HPS). Drivers' eye movements were examined to gain information about differences in scanning patterns between drivers with high and low HPS. Drivers with high HPS, fixated on the pedestrian continuously and had more multiple fixations on the standing pedestrian than drivers with low HPS. Moreover, more drivers that did not respond to the hazard did not fixate on the speedometer and if they did so, then mostly only once. The results show that novice drivers with high HPS differ in their eye movement patterns from drivers with low HPS. Moreover, drivers with low HPS pose an even...
Information Engineering Express
Effect of Driving Situation and Driving Experience on Eye Movements
Yukiko Nishizaki
Becoming an expert: Eye movements in static traffic scenes
2006 •
Jochen Müsseler, Günter Debus
Eye movements are a key behavior for visual orientation in traffic situations and for vehicle control. Although some studies address the cognition of dangerous situations while driving, little is known about the development of visual orientation in novice drivers. Recent studies show that effective ways of eye guidance are directly related to the recognition of dangerous situations (7). In the
Journal of Eye Movement Research
Mobile eye tracking during real-world night driving: A selective review of findings and recommendations for future research
2017 •
Ulrich Ansorge
We exhaustively review the published research on eye movements during real-world night driving, which is an important field of research as fatal road traffic accidents at night outnumber fatal accidents during the daytime. Eye tracking provides a unique window into the underlying cognitive processes. The studies were interpreted and evaluated against the background of two descriptions of the driving task: Gibson and Crooks’ (1938) description of driving as the visually guided selection of a driving path through the unobstructed field of safe travel; and Endsley’s (1995) situation awareness model, highlighting the influence of drivers’ interpretations and mental capacities (e.g., cognitive load, memory capacity, etc.) for successful task performance. Our review unveiled that drivers show expedient looking behavior, directed to the boundaries of the field of safe travel and other road users. Thus, the results indicated that controlled (intended) eye movements supervened, but some resu...
Application of Eye-Tracking in Drivers Testing : A Review of Research
2015 •
Zbigniew Jóźwiak
Recording and analyzing eye movements provide important elements for understanding the nature of the task of driving a vehicle. This article reviews the literature on eye movement strategies employed by drivers of vehicles (vehicle control, evaluation of the situation by analyzing essential visual elements, navigation). Special focus was placed on the phenomenon of conspicuity, the probability of perceiving an object in the visual field and the factors that determine it. The article reports the methods of oculographic examination, with special emphasis on the non-invasive technique using corneal reflections, and the criteria for optimal selection of the test apparatus for drivers in experimental conditions (on a driving simulator) and in real conditions. Particular attention was also paid to the helmet – or glass-type devices provided with 1 or 2 high definition (HD) camcorders recording the field of vision and the direction of gaze, and the non-contact devices comprising 2 or 3 cam...
Were they in the loop during automated driving? Links between visual attention and crash potential
Tyron Louw, Ruth Madigan
A proposed advantage of vehicle automation is that it relieves drivers from the moment-to-moment demands of driving, to engage in other, non-driving related, tasks. However, it is important to gain an understanding of drivers' capacity to resume manual control, should such a need arise. As automation removes vehicle control-based measures as a performance indicator, other metrics must be explored. This driving simulator study, conducted under the EC-funded AdaptIVe project, assessed drivers' gaze fixations during partially-automated (SAE Level 2) driving, on approach to critical and non-critical events. Using a between-participant design, 75 drivers experienced automation with one of five out-of-the-loop (OOTL) manipulations, which used different levels of screen visibility and secondary tasks to induce varying levels of engagement with the driving task: 1) no manipulation, 2) manipulation by light fog, 3) manipulation by heavy fog, 4) manipulation by heavy fog plus a visual task, 5) no manipulation plus an n-back task. The OOTL manipulations influenced drivers' first point of gaze fixation after they were asked to attend to an evolving event. Differences resolved within one second and visual attention allocation adapted with repeated events, yet crash outcome was not different between OOTL manipulation groups. Drivers who crashed in the first critical event showed an erratic pattern of eye fixations towards the road centre on approach to the event, while those who did not demonstrated a more stable pattern. Automated driving systems should be able to direct drivers' attention to hazards no less than 6 seconds in advance of an adverse outcome.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Application of Eye-Tracking in the Testing of Drivers: A Review of Research
2015 •
Bronislaw Kapitaniak
